Lesson #1
The Data Processing Cycle
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
Q1: Describe the data-processing cycle with
the help of a diagram.
Ans:
Q2 : What is difference between encoding and
decoding?
Ans : Encoding means converting data into a
data-processing system .Decoding means
the information that a code represents
is made available to users.
Q3: Describe three ways in which data can be processed.
Ans : Data processing can be described
into three ways input, processing and output.
Q4: What is a computerized system? Explain with an example.
Ans : A computerized system uses computers
and related machines to process data and make decisions.
Example:
In large
stores, the computer can itself determine that the stocks have fallen below a
certain limit. It automatically sends an email message to the supplier to send
more stock .The shopkeeper has very little to do. This is a computerized
system.
Q5: What is information technology?
Ans : The use of different manual and
computerized devices and methods for
processing information is called information technology.
Q6: Describe three advantages of a computerized system over a
manual system.
Ans :
a) Fast processing is a key feature of
computerized system.
b) Accuracy is also a feature of all
computerized systems.
c) Efficiency is another common feature
of computerized system.
Q7: why is a computerized system not effective in all
situations?
Ans : Because a computer cannot think
itself. It cannot make decisions for which it has not been programmed.
Lesson#2
BINARY COMPUTING
ANSWER THE
FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
Q1: Describe three forms of data?
Ans :
·
Numeric
data consists of digits and the decimal point.
·
Alphabet
data consists of a fixed set of alphabetic characters (A-Z and a-z).
·
Alpha
numeric data consists of letters of the alphabet numbers and special characters
like @,#and %.
Q2: What state do the digits 0 and 1 represent under the binary
system?
Ans : State 1 or state 0 , depending on
whether eclectic current is passing
through or not.
Q3: Why do we use binary digits to represent the presence or
absence of electronic signals?
Ans: When an electronic signal is
received, it is recorded as 1 in the MU.
When no
electronic signal is received, it is recorded as 0 in the MU.
Q4: What is a bit?
Ans: An electronic signal, when stored,
is called a bit.
Q5: Convert the following decimal numbers into
binary equivalents?
(A)27 (B)
15
Ans
: 
2 27
2 15
2
13-1
2
7-1
2
6-1
2
3-1 
2 3-0 2 1-1
2
1-1
27=(11011)₂
15=(1111)₂
Q6: Convert the following binary numbers into decimal
equivalents.
(a) 110111 (b) 110010
Ans : (a) 110111
=(1x2⁵)+(1x2⁴)+(0x2³)+(1x2²)+(1x2¹)+(1x2⁰)
=32+16+0+4+2+1=55
110111=55
(b) 1100100
=(1x2⁶)+ (1x2⁵)+(0x2⁴)+(0x2³)+(1x2²)+(0x2¹)+(0x2⁰)
=64+32+0+0+4+0+0=100
1100100=100
Q7: Perform the following binary arithmetic operations?
(a) 101+111 (b) 1101-0011
Ans:
101 1101
+ 111 - 0011
( 1100 ) ₂ ( 1000 ) ₂
Lesson#3
System software
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
Q1: Define system software. Name three categories of system
software.
Ans: System software is a set of programs
that enable a computer to perform routine tasks. Three categories of system
software are starting up, managing files, and shutting down.
Q2: Describe three functions of an operating system.
Ans:
Three functions of an operating system are:
a) Booting up and providing a user
interface.
b) Managing programs.
c) Managing files and directories.
Q3: What is the function of a device driver?
Ans: The device driver is a program that automatically
runs the system devices attached to the computer.
Q4: What is disk failure? How can we avoid data loss as a result
of disk failure?
Ans: The entire data stored on the hard
disk is lost called disk failure. Back-up software helps avoid permanent data
loss in such situations.
Q5: What is meant by debugging?
Ans: The process of removing errors from
a program is called debugging.
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